Framework, method and case study for the calculation of end of life for HWL and parameter sensitivity analysis.

Mass construction and operation of hazardous waste landfill infrastructure has greatly improved China's waste management and environmental safety. However, the deterioration of engineering materials and the failure of landfill may lead to the release of untreated leachate rich in persistent toxic pollutants to the soil and shallow groundwater. Accordingly, we develop the framework and process model to predict landfill life by coupling the landfill hydrological performance model and material degradation model. We found that the decrease rate of the concentration of persistent pollutants in leachate was significantly slower than the deterioration rate of the landfill engineering materials. As a result, when the materials failed, the leachate with high concentrations of persistent pollutants continued to leak, resulting in the pollutants concentration in surrounding groundwater exceeding the acceptable concentration at around 385 a, which is the average life of a landfill. Further simulation indicated that hydrogeological conditions and the initial concentration of leachate will affect landfill lifespan. The correlation coefficients of concentration, the thickness of vadose zone and the thickness of aquifer are - 0.79, 0.99 and 0.72 respectively, so the thickness of vadose zone having the greatest impact on the life of a landfill. The results presented herein indicate hazardous waste landfill infrastructure reinvestment should be directed toward long-term monitoring and maintenance, waste second-disposal, and site restoration.

[Numerical simulation and application of electrical resistivity survey in heavy metal contaminated sites].

In order to analyze the effects of electrical resistivity in heavy metal contaminated sites, we established the resistivity model of typical contaminated sites and simulate the DC resistivity method with Wenner arrays using the finite element method. The simulation results showed that the electrical method was influenced by the contamination concentration and the location of pollution. The more serious the degree of pollution was, the more obvious the low resistivity anomaly, thus the easier the identification of the contaminated area; otherwise, if there was light pollution, Wenner array could not get obvious low resistivity anomalies, so it would be hard to judge the contaminated area. Our simulation results also showed that the closer the contaminated areas were to the surface, the more easily the pollution was detected and the low resistivity anomalies shown in the apparent resistivity diagram were influenced by the Layered medium. The actual field survey results using resistivity method also show that the resistivity method can correctly detect the area with serious pollution.

[Experiment results of conduction, spectral induced polarization and dielectric characteristics for chrome-contaminated soil].

The resistivity, complex resistivity and complex permittivity of the chrome-contaminated soil were studied. Under the different pollution concentration and water content in the soil samples conditions, the relations between the resistivity, complex resistivity and complex permittivity of the chrome-contaminated soil and water content and the concentration of pollution were analyzed. When adding chrome pollution with different concentrations and water content, the experimental results show that the resistivity and complex resistivity of all the soil samples decreased with the pollution concentration and water content increased; but the phase of complex resistivity, which reflects the soil's capacitance, decreased below the 20 kHz and increase above the 20 kHz frequency. The real part and imaginary part of complex resostivity increased with the increase of pollution concentration and water content. The concentration of chrome pollutions and water content were the two main factor to determine the soil electrical characteristics.

[Comparison of two types of double-lined simulated landfill leakage detection based on high voltage DC method].

Two types of double high density polyethylene (HDPE) liners landfill that clay or geogrid was added between the two HDPE liners. The general resistance of the second mode is 15% larger than the general resistance of the first mode in the primary HDPE liner detection, and 20% larger than that of the first one in the secondary HDPE liner detection. High voltage DC method can accomplish the leakage detection and location of these two types of landfill and the error of leakage location is less than 10cm when electrode space is 1m.

[Setup of high voltage direct circuit equivalent circuit model in leakage detection of landfill].

An equivalent circuit model is put forward through analysis of the experiment data under the conditions of applying 400V, 350V and 300V DC supply power to a small-scale simulated landfill. Due to the fact that the existence of the HDPE geomembrane liner endows the model with commutating character, the electrolytic capacity increases as the area of geomembrane liner and the supplying electric voltage increase. The contact electric resistance of the power supply electrode is in direct proportion to earth electric resistance rate, and in relation to the diameter of the electrode and the depth of the earth. Moreover, the contact resistance is mainly determined by the earth electric resistance around the electrode (the influence induced by the earth farther than 10 times electrode radius is less than 10 percent of those involved by all resistance), hence decrease of the earth electric resistance rate around the electrode may result in effective decrease of the contact electric resistance of the electrode.